Clinical phenotypes refer to the observable characteristics or traits of individuals with a particular condition or disease. These characteristics can include physical features, symptoms, disease progression, and response to treatment. In research, clinical phenotypes are used to categorize patients into subgroups based on their unique characteristics, in order to better understand the underlying causes of the condition and to tailor treatment plans for individual patients. This approach allows researchers to identify patterns or correlations among different phenotypic characteristics and to develop targeted therapies that have the potential to improve outcomes for patients. Overall, studying clinical phenotypes can help researchers to better understand the heterogeneity of diseases and conditions, and to improve the precision and effectiveness of medical treatments and interventions.